Harm Reduction — Not Drug Prohibition — Is the Cure for the Opioid Overdose Crisis

Instead of doubling down on War on Drugs policies that aren’t working (and might even be making the problem worse), policymakers should instead embrace harm reduction strategies…

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The U.S. government’s current strategy of trying to restrict the supply of opioids for nonmedical uses is not working. While government efforts to reduce the supply of opioids for nonmedical use have reduced the volume of both legally manufactured prescription opioids and opioid prescriptions, deaths from opioid overdoses are nevertheless accelerating. Research shows the increase is due in part to substitution of illegal heroin for now harder-to-get prescription opioids. Attempting to reduce overdose deaths by doubling down on this approach will not produce better results.

Policymakers can reduce overdose deaths and other harms stemming from nonmedical use of opioids and other dangerous drugs by switching to a policy of “harm reduction” strategies. Harm reduction has a success record that prohibition cannot match. It involves a range of public health options. These strategies would include medication-assisted treatment, needle-exchange programs, safe injection sites, heroin-assisted treatment, deregulation of naloxone, and the decriminalization of marijuana.

Though critics have dismissed these strategies as surrendering to addiction, jurisdictions that have attempted them have found that harm reduction strategies significantly reduce overdose deaths, the spread of infectious diseases, and even the nonmedical use of dangerous drugs.

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Paying Plasma Donors

About 83% of Canada’s immunoglobulin (used to treat several immune, blood, & neurological disorders) is made from plasma imported from U.S. for-profit plasma centers…

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The United States allows payments for plasma donors and the establishment of for-profit plasma centers. In contrast, payments to plasma donors are illegal in several provinces of Canada, and more provinces are considering bans. 

As a result, Canada relies on imported plasma from American paid donors to meet its need for plasma-derived therapies. For example, approximately 83% of immunoglobulin, which is used to treat several immune, blood, and neurological disorders, is made from plasma imported from American for-profit plasma centers.

Canadian policymakers justify the prohibition on compensation with moral considerations and with concerns about the safety of plasma collected from paid donors. 

However, 72.6% of survey respondents in Canada are in favor of compensating plasma donors. Among those in favor of legalizing compensation for donors, the highest-rated motive was to guarantee a higher domestic supply. The majority of the respondents who were in favor of legalizing compensation also agreed that compensation would not run against mainstream Canadian moral and societal values.

Roughly half of those who declared they were against payments reported that they would reconsider their position if the domestic supply and imports were insufficient to meet domestic demand, meaning that up to about 85% of Canadian respondents could actually be in favor of compensating plasma donors.

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New Rule Makes Obamacare Optional

Several changes to the terms of the Affordable Care Act have enabled more substantial health care choices for millions of Americans…

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At long last, the Trump administration has created a “freedom option” for people suffering under Obamacare. A final rulemaking issued last week reverses an Obama-era regulation that exposed the sick to medical underwriting. 

The new rule will expand consumer protections for the sick, cover up to two million uninsured people, reduce premiums for millions more, protect conscience rights, and make Obamacare’s costs more transparent.

It also frees consumers from Obamacare’s price controls, which are eroding coverage for the sick. Instead, consumers can purchase consecutive short-term plans, tied together with renewal guarantees that protect them from medical underwriting when they fall ill.

Renewal guarantees can even protect some 200 million consumers with employer-based coverage, or no health insurance, from medical underwriting — for just one-tenth the cost of Obamacare plans.

As President Trump’s profligate spending, trade wars, and farmer bailouts undo whatever good his tax cuts achieved, and as the inhumanity of his immigration policies tear at the hearts of parents everywhere, this one rule at least should embolden others within the administration to push these and other federal policies in the direction of individual liberty.

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Doubling Down on the Drug War Will Only Make the Opioid Crisis Worse

The United States has seen a surge in deaths from overdoses of opioids, including both prescription drugs and illegal opioids such as heroin. Unfortunately, the policy “cures” have uniformly worsened the problem...  

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It is simplistic—and thus provides an easy target—for politicians and the media to latch on to the false narrative that greedy pharmaceutical companies teamed up with lazy, poorly-trained doctors, to hook innocent patients on opioids and condemn them to a life of drug addiction. But this has never been the case.

Despite the fact that the government’s own numbers have shown for years that the overdose crisis is primarily the result of nonmedical users seeking drugs in the black market created by drug prohibition, policymakers seem intent on seeing doctors treating patients in pain as the source of the opioid overdose crisis. And their focus has been on getting doctors to curtail prescribing opioids.

As prescriptions continue to decrease, overdose deaths continue to increase. This is because as non-medical users get reduced access to usable diverted prescription opioids, they migrate to more dangerous fentanyl and heroin.

Meanwhile, a lot of patients, in and out of the hospital, suffer from under-treatment of pain. 

The DEA, which sets national manufacturing quotas for opioids, ordered a 25% reduction in 2017 & 20% again this year. As a result, hospitals across the country are facing shortages of injectable morphine, fentanyl, and Dilaudid (hydromorphone), and trauma patients, post-surgical patients, and hospitalized cancer patients frequently go undertreated for excruciating pain. The shortage is uneven across the country. Some hospitals are feeling the shortage worse than others, but it’s clear that the “war on opioids” being waged by today’s policymakers is, in effect, a “war on patients in pain.”

Hospitals are working hard to ameliorate the situation by asking medical staff to use prescription opioid pills such as oxycodone and OxyContin instead of injectables, but many patients are unable to take oral medication due to their acute illness or post-operative condition. In those cases, hospitals use injectable acetaminophen, muscle relaxants, or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents, but those drugs fail to give adequate relief.  Some hospitals have even resorted to asking nursing staff to manually combine smaller-dose vials of morphine or other injectable opioids that remain in-stock as a replacement for the out-of-stock larger dose vials. Dose-equivalents of different IV opioids vary and are difficult to accurately calculate. This increases the risk of human error and places patients at risk for overdose.

In another misguided attempt to reduce opioid use, abuse, and overdoses, policymakers have also focused on developing and promoting tamper-resistant or abuse-deterrent formulations (ADFs) that render diverted opioids unusable if individuals attempt to use them for nonmedical purposes.

Although the benefits of ADFs seem to be nonexistent, these formulations have led to real harms. ADFs have encouraged users to switch to more dangerous opioids, including illegal heroin. In at least one instance, the reformulation of a prescription opioid led to a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) outbreak. Along the way, ADFs unnecessarily increase drug prices, imposing unnecessary costs on health insurance purchasers, taxpayers, and particularly patients suffering from chronic pain.

Meanwhile, the CDC’s methods for tracking opioid overdose deaths have over-estimated the number of those deaths due to prescription opioids, as opposed to heroin, illicitly manufactured fentanyl, and other illicit variants of fentanyl. The exact drugs involved in overdose deaths are not identified in 20% of death certificates, multiple drugs are involved in over half of their reported cases of prescription opioid overdoses, and the number of deaths due to diverted (stolen, smuggled, or sold by dealers) prescription opioids is unknown. 

If policymakers are serious about wanting to reduce overdose deaths, they should look to what has been done in Portugal, and now Norway, and end the war on drugs.

Unfortunately, the Trump Administration’s response has been disappointing at best. 

President Trump sees the zero-tolerance policies of Singapore, China and the Philippines as a model for U.S. drug policy. Even worse, Trump is said to believe that all drug dealers should get the death penalty.

The president’s frustration with the failure of the war on drugs is understandable. But the solution should not be to try more of the same, only “tougher.” Threats of increased prisons sentences — or even death sentences — amount to nothing more than a temper tantrum.

Sensible drug policy makes it easier for people with substance abuse problems to transition back to a normal life, rather than ruining their lives through long-term incarceration — or ending them altogether through capital punishment.  If the goal is reducing drug-related deaths, policymakers should put more emphasis on “harm reduction” measures, such as syringe services programs, medication-assisted treatment with drugs such as methadone, buprenorphine, or naltrexone, and enhanced distribution of naloxone, the antidote for an opioid overdose. These programs not only reduce deaths but are a more cost-effective allocation of resources.

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Five Unavoidable Obamacare Reform Realities

The congressional Republican bill is flawed, but so are many of the talking points being used against it…

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It has been barely a week since the Republican plan to (sort of) repeal and replace Obamacare was unveiled and already the proposal has been savaged from both left and right, by most of the media, by various interest groups, including doctors, hospitals, and insurance companies, and by virtually anyone else with an opinion. Outside of Paul Ryan, it is hard to find anyone who truly likes this bill.

While it is true that the American Health Care Act is a deeply flawed bill that perpetuates — and in some cases exacerbates — some of Obamacare’s worst aspects, many of the talking points being used against it are even worse.

Here are the top five things to keep in mind about healthcare reform…

  1. There will be losers as well as winners. Every piece of legislation creates winners and losers. Obamacare did. There were far more losers than winners, but some of those who won under Obamacare will be losers under the Republican plan. 
  2. There will be more winners than losers. Premiums would be lower under the GOP plan starting in 2020, about 10 percent lower by 2026. Plus, the more than $1 trillion in tax cuts — many for the middle class — and the $337 billion reduction in deficits over the next ten years mean more jobs and economic growth, a big win for everybody.
  3. 14 million people are not having their insurance taken away. Much of the projected decline in coverage stems from CBO’s belief that, without the individual mandate, many people would choose not to buy insurance. 
  4. Of the 25 million fewer insured in 2026, 14 million would come from a reduction in Medicaid enrollment. That may sound alarming, but Medicaid was not only fiscally unstainable in its current form, it provided barely minimal care. Reforming Medicaid in a way that encourages states to innovate and focus more of their resources on the most vulnerable populations can only benefit those most in need.
  5. The alternative is Obamacare not utopia. Projections of how many people would be insured or what premiums would be ten years from now assume that Obamacare would survive that long. It couldn’t, not in its current form.

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What Are We “Replacing” Obamacare With?

Republicans have officially begun the long and complex road to repealing and “replacing” Obamacare…

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If you believe congressional Democrats, various special-interest groups and much of the media, the Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse are about to be unleashed. Let’s all get a grip.

Initially, any changes will be very small and incremental. Repeal won’t happen overnight, or all at once. Rather, Republicans are likely to establish a sunset date, three or four years from now, allowing time to craft a replacement. Still, sooner or later, we’ll be living under a very different health-care system. 

In general, most consumers will find themselves with more and better insurance choices after ObamaCare is repealed.

One of the first things most Americans are likely to find is that they’ll have more choices when it comes to buying insurance. You may have to pay more for insurance that covers some providers and conditions, but you’ll also be able to buy cheaper, less-comprehensive insurance if you want to.

ObamaCare required all insurance to cover a wide-ranging — and expensive — “essential benefits package.” Repeal will mean more of an a la carte approach to insurance, based on individual consumer preference.

Consumers won’t just find more options in the types of plans; there should also be more insurers to choose from. And, a replacement plan will almost certainly let you shop for insurance out of state, forcing some much-needed competition into the insurance market.

People will even have the choice not to buy insurance at all, since the much-reviled individual mandate will be gone. Going without insurance may not necessarily be a wise choice, but it does re-establish a fundamental limit to state power over the individual. And it allows young and healthy people to purchase low-cost catastrophic coverage that makes much more sense for them.

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